Thought and Society

Philosophers, educators, economists and thinkers who changed the understanding of the world.

5articles

Envelope lacrado, documentos com nomes ocultos, símbolos do processo de seleção e arquivo trancado marcado com 50 anos em cenário azul e dourado.

Thought and Society12/09/20267 min read

Nobel 2026: why “nominated” does not mean finalist — and why names stay secret for 50 years

Understand what a Nobel nomination actually means, how candidates move through the process, and why names and deliberations remain confidential for 50 years.

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Ilustração editorial em tons sépia de Freud e Jung sentados de costas um para o outro, separados por um rasgo central, com cartas e livros sobre a mesa.

Thought and Society17/08/202612 min read

Why did Freud and Jung break up? From letters and disagreements about libido to the end of the partnership in 1913

The rupture between Freud and Jung did not arise from a single episode: letters, disputes over libido and differences over the scope of psychoanalysis show a progressive separation...

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Ilustração editorial de Sócrates ao centro, cercado por cenas de debate filosófico, pergaminhos e comédia grega com máscara teatral na Atenas antiga.

Thought and Society17/08/202611 min read

If Socrates didn't write anything, how do we know what he thought? Plato, Xenophon, Aristophanes and the Socratic problem

Socrates did not leave any philosophical works of his own. What we know of him comes from different, and sometimes incompatible, portraits by Plato, Xenophon, and Aristophanes.

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Retrato histórico de Mata Hari em composição editorial que contrapõe sua persona pública aos documentos de arquivo sobre sua vida e julgamento.

Thought and Society07/08/20269 min read

Mata Hari was born 150 years ago: from Margaretha Zelle to a public figure, what is fact and what became myth

150 years ago, Margaretha Zelle, the future Mata Hari, was born. Archives show a real spy story, but much less accurate than the legend.

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Linha do tempo da prisão das oito pessoas escondidas no Anexo Secreto em 4 de agosto de 1944, com a entrada atrás da estante giratória.

Thought and Society04/08/202611 min read

Anne Frank was arrested 82 years ago: what we know about the discovery of the Secret Annex

On August 4, 1944, eight people were arrested in the Secret Annex. Documents reconstruct the operation, but do not identify a whistleblower.

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