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Science and Mathematics

Scientists and mathematicians, their discoveries, methods, teams and influences.

14articles
Katherine Johnson confere cálculos de trajetória em uma mesa, cercada por folhas, diagramas orbitais, computadores de época e uma cápsula espacial ao fundo.
Science and Mathematics22/09/20266 min read

Did Katherine Johnson calculate John Glenn's orbit? What she actually checked by hand at NASA

NASA records show that Johnson manually verified the numbers for John Glenn's orbital flight, while also doing trajectory analysis, orbital research, and other major work before an...

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Vórtice de fluido azul ao centro, cercado por uma malha digital luminosa à esquerda e nós e formas geométricas dispersos à direita.
Science and Mathematics09/09/20266 min read

Was Navier–Stokes solved by AI? What OpenAI’s proof shows — and what still needs validation

OpenAI published an analytical proof and a Lean formalization claiming to resolve Navier–Stokes through alternatives C and D. Here is what the formal certificate guarantees and wha...

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Medalha dourada de Alfred Nobel ao lado de livros rotulados com as seis categorias, ramo de louro, globo e cenário cerimonial.
Science and Mathematics06/09/20264 min read

Nobel Prize 2026: announcement schedule from October 5 to 12 and how to watch live

Dates, Brasília times, responsible institutions and official channels for following all six 2026 Nobel Prize announcements without speculating about winners.

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Homem representando Galileu ao lado da Torre de Pisa solta duas esferas metálicas de um parapeito de pedra ao pôr do sol.
Science and Mathematics31/08/20267 min read

Did Galileo Really Drop Balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa? Where the Famous Experiment Story Came From

The scene of Galileo dropping two balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa comes from a late account by Vincenzo Viviani. See what the sources confirm, what remains possible, and why i...

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Representação artística de Isaac Newton sentado sob uma macieira, olhando para uma maçã acima dele, com livros, anotações e uma pena ao lado.
Science and Mathematics31/08/20267 min read

Did Newton’s apple really happen? What he said and where the head-hit story came from

Accounts by Stukeley, Conduitt and Voltaire support the core apple story, but not a blow to Newton’s head or an instant discovery of universal gravitation.

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Três cientistas em um laboratório histórico, com frascos de sais de urânio e rádio, minerais, instrumentos de medição e um quadro com referências à radioatividade.
Science and Mathematics31/08/20268 min read

Did Marie Curie discover radioactivity? What Becquerel, Marie and Pierre Curie actually discovered

Becquerel observed spontaneous radioactivity; Marie Curie systematized and named the phenomenon; Marie and Pierre identified polonium and radium.

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Ilustração editorial de um jovem Albert Einstein diante de um quadro com fórmulas, entre documentos escolares que remetem a Aarau e à prova de admissão de 1895.
Science and Mathematics30/08/20267 min read

Did Einstein fail math? What the 1895 entrance exam and the Aarau report card really show

School records show that Einstein did not fail mathematics: he failed the overall 1895 entrance exam, but stood out in science.

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Ilustração histórica de Isaac Newton e Gottfried Leibniz frente a frente, cercados por manuscritos, diagramas, fluxões, diferenciais e símbolos de integral.
Science and Mathematics17/08/20269 min read

Newton or Leibniz: who invented calculus? Chronology, notations and the priority dispute

Newton first arrived at calculus in manuscripts; Leibniz published earlier and created the dominant notation. The dispute becomes clearer when chronology, method and circulation ar...

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Retrato histórico de Amedeo Avogadro em composição editorial alusiva aos 250 anos de seu nascimento.
Science and Mathematics09/08/20267 min read

Amedeo Avogadro at 250 years old: why his hypothesis took decades to be recognized

250 years after Amedeo Avogadro's birth, understand why his 1811 hypothesis only gained widespread acceptance decades later, with Cannizzaro and Karlsruhe.

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Padrão de difração de raios X da Foto 51, registro histórico usado na investigação da estrutura em dupla hélice do DNA.
Science and Mathematics08/08/202611 min read

Was Photo 51 “stolen”? What Franklin, Gosling, Wilkins, Watson and Crick Really Did

Photo 51 was not literally stolen, but was shown to Watson without Franklin knowing. See who produced the data, who accessed it and who assembled the DNA model.

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Retrato histórico de Oswaldo Cruz acompanhado de uma linha do tempo das campanhas sanitárias e da criação do Dia Nacional da Saúde.
Science and Mathematics05/08/202612 min read

Why August 5th is National Health Day and what Oswaldo Cruz has to do with it

Understand why August 5th became National Health Day and how Oswaldo Cruz's trajectory brings together science, institutions, teams and public conflict.

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Linha do tempo da penicilina, da placa observada por Fleming em 1928 aos testes de Oxford, à produção industrial e ao Nobel de 1945.
Science and Mathematics04/08/202610 min read

Fleming Didn't Make Penicillin Alone: ​​From Moldy Plaque to the Drug That Changed Medicine

The moldy sign was the start. Turning penicillin into a treatment required Oxford, clinical trials, industrial engineering and a broad network of collaborators.

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