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Science Through Examples

Science Through Examples teaches physics, chemistry, and biology through simple explanations, worked examples, and connections that help students understand concepts instead of merely memorizing them.

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Bancada didática com circuitos de baixa tensão em série e em paralelo, lâmpadas acesas, multímetro, esquemas elétricos e caderno com fórmulas.
Physics22/09/20265 min read

Series and parallel circuits: how to calculate current, voltage, and resistance step by step

Learn how to identify each connection, calculate equivalent resistance, current, and voltage, and check the result with two low voltage examples.

Read article
Bancada de laboratório com pipeta, béqueres, balão volumétrico e proveta com soluções azuis, acompanhados da equação C1V1=C2V2 e indicações de unidades.
Chemistry14/09/20267 min read

Dilution without memorizing: how to use C1V1=C2V2, get the units right, and know when it does not apply

Understand where C1V1=C2V2 comes from, how to check units and final volume, solve three common problem types, and recognize situations where the dilution equation does not apply.

Read article
Bloco de gelo flutuando na água, com parte submersa e dois detalhes moleculares mostrando a rede hexagonal aberta do gelo e moléculas mais compactas na água líquida.
Chemistry13/09/20266 min read

Why Does Ice Float? Hydrogen Bonds, Water Expansion, and Density

Learn why water expands when it freezes, how hydrogen bonds create an open lattice, and why that structure makes ice less dense than liquid water.

Read article

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Dois meninos gêmeos lado a lado, com uma hélice de DNA ao fundo e impressões digitais ampliadas por uma lupa.
Biology13/09/20265 min read

Do identical twins have the same fingerprints? Genes influence them, but development creates differences

Monozygotic twins share nearly all of their DNA and tend to have more similar fingerprints, but not identical ones. Learn how genes, fetal ridge formation and microscopic developme...

Read article
Pés sobre uma balança digital com detalhe do sensor de força e comparação visual da gravidade na Terra e na Lua.
Physics13/09/20265 min read

Does a scale measure mass or weight? Why it senses force but displays kilograms

A common scale’s sensor responds to a support force; its electronics use calibration to display a mass value in kilograms.

Read article
Duas mãos tocam lado a lado uma placa de metal e um bloco de madeira sobre uma mesa, com um termômetro desfocado ao fundo.
Physics12/09/20267 min read

Why metal feels colder than wood at the same temperature: thermal effusivity explained

Metal and wood can be at the same temperature yet feel very different. Learn how heat flow, conductivity, and thermal effusivity shape touch — and try a simple test.

Read article
Tigela de vidro com cubos de gelo recebendo sal grosso, com pote de sal, colher de madeira e termômetro sobre uma mesa.
Chemistry12/09/20265 min read

Why salt melts ice and the mixture drops below 0 °C

Learn how freezing-point depression lets an ice-salt mixture fall below 0 °C, with a simple experiment, an approximate calculation, and the limits of the ideal model.

Read article
Panela de pressão de aço inox sobre chama azul, liberando vapor pela válvula em uma cozinha com vegetais ao fundo.
Physics12/09/20265 min read

Why Does a Pressure Cooker Cook Faster? Pressure, Boiling Point and a Numerical Example

Learn how pressure raises water's boiling point, why cooking near 121 °C speeds food preparation, and what a simple energy calculation shows.

Read article
Estudante diante de um notebook com painéis digitais de gráficos, fluxograma, programação em blocos e depuração de uma solução.
Scientific Foundations10/09/20267 min read

PISA 2025: what computational problem solving is and which tasks measure the skill

Learn how PISA 2025 assesses computational problem solving through experiments, data analysis, modelling, building and debugging in digital tasks.

Read article
Estudante analisando três gráficos simples de ciências em um tablet, cercada por materiais escolares, microscópio e elementos visuais sobre PISA 2025.
Scientific Foundations10/09/20265 min read

PISA 2025: what science Level 2 requires — 3 examples for testing conclusions with data

Understand PISA 2025 science Level 2 and practise, with three original situations, how to decide whether a conclusion is supported by data.

Read article
Terra vista do espaço com o Brasil em destaque no limite entre dia e noite e um detalhe conceitual mostrando a refração da luz solar no horizonte.
Physics10/09/20266 min read

September 2026 equinox: why day and night are not exactly 12 hours in Brazil

The equinox occurs at 00:05 UTC on Sep. 23, but in Brazil it falls on the evening of Sep. 22, and sunrise-to-sunset daylight exceeds 12 hours because of refraction and the definiti...

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Bancada de química com modelos moleculares, vidrarias e lousa exibindo a equação 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O e uma tabela de contagem de átomos.
Chemistry22/09/20266 min read

Balancing chemical equations: how to adjust coefficients without changing formulas

Learn to balance chemical equations by preserving formulas, counting atoms, and changing only coefficients, with worked examples that increase in difficulty.

Read article

Physics

Concepts of motion, forces, energy, electricity, waves, heat and other phenomena explained step by step.

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Bancada didática com circuitos de baixa tensão em série e em paralelo, lâmpadas acesas, multímetro, esquemas elétricos e caderno com fórmulas.
Physics22/09/20265 min read

Series and parallel circuits: how to calculate current, voltage, and resistance step by step

Learn how to identify each connection, calculate equivalent resistance, current, and voltage, and check the result with two low voltage examples.

Read article
Pés sobre uma balança digital com detalhe do sensor de força e comparação visual da gravidade na Terra e na Lua.
Physics13/09/20265 min read

Does a scale measure mass or weight? Why it senses force but displays kilograms

A common scale’s sensor responds to a support force; its electronics use calibration to display a mass value in kilograms.

Read article
Duas mãos tocam lado a lado uma placa de metal e um bloco de madeira sobre uma mesa, com um termômetro desfocado ao fundo.
Physics12/09/20267 min read

Why metal feels colder than wood at the same temperature: thermal effusivity explained

Metal and wood can be at the same temperature yet feel very different. Learn how heat flow, conductivity, and thermal effusivity shape touch — and try a simple test.

Read article
Panela de pressão de aço inox sobre chama azul, liberando vapor pela válvula em uma cozinha com vegetais ao fundo.
Physics12/09/20265 min read

Why Does a Pressure Cooker Cook Faster? Pressure, Boiling Point and a Numerical Example

Learn how pressure raises water's boiling point, why cooking near 121 °C speeds food preparation, and what a simple energy calculation shows.

Read article

Chemistry

Atoms, elements, substances, reactions, calculations and transformations of matter explained with examples.

View all
Bancada de química com modelos moleculares, vidrarias e lousa exibindo a equação 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O e uma tabela de contagem de átomos.
Chemistry22/09/20266 min read

Balancing chemical equations: how to adjust coefficients without changing formulas

Learn to balance chemical equations by preserving formulas, counting atoms, and changing only coefficients, with worked examples that increase in difficulty.

Read article
Bancada de laboratório com pipeta, béqueres, balão volumétrico e proveta com soluções azuis, acompanhados da equação C1V1=C2V2 e indicações de unidades.
Chemistry14/09/20267 min read

Dilution without memorizing: how to use C1V1=C2V2, get the units right, and know when it does not apply

Understand where C1V1=C2V2 comes from, how to check units and final volume, solve three common problem types, and recognize situations where the dilution equation does not apply.

Read article
Bloco de gelo flutuando na água, com parte submersa e dois detalhes moleculares mostrando a rede hexagonal aberta do gelo e moléculas mais compactas na água líquida.
Chemistry13/09/20266 min read

Why Does Ice Float? Hydrogen Bonds, Water Expansion, and Density

Learn why water expands when it freezes, how hydrogen bonds create an open lattice, and why that structure makes ice less dense than liquid water.

Read article
Tigela de vidro com cubos de gelo recebendo sal grosso, com pote de sal, colher de madeira e termômetro sobre uma mesa.
Chemistry12/09/20265 min read

Why salt melts ice and the mixture drops below 0 °C

Learn how freezing-point depression lets an ice-salt mixture fall below 0 °C, with a simple experiment, an approximate calculation, and the limits of the ideal model.

Read article

Biology

Cells, genetics, the human body, evolution, ecology and the processes that help us understand life.

View all
Dois meninos gêmeos lado a lado, com uma hélice de DNA ao fundo e impressões digitais ampliadas por uma lupa.
Biology13/09/20265 min read

Do identical twins have the same fingerprints? Genes influence them, but development creates differences

Monozygotic twins share nearly all of their DNA and tend to have more similar fingerprints, but not identical ones. Learn how genes, fetal ridge formation and microscopic developme...

Read article

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Scientific Foundations

Quantities, units, graphs, models and basic tools for understanding and solving natural science problems.

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Estudante diante de um notebook com painéis digitais de gráficos, fluxograma, programação em blocos e depuração de uma solução.
Scientific Foundations10/09/20267 min read

PISA 2025: what computational problem solving is and which tasks measure the skill

Learn how PISA 2025 assesses computational problem solving through experiments, data analysis, modelling, building and debugging in digital tasks.

Read article
Estudante analisando três gráficos simples de ciências em um tablet, cercada por materiais escolares, microscópio e elementos visuais sobre PISA 2025.
Scientific Foundations10/09/20265 min read

PISA 2025: what science Level 2 requires — 3 examples for testing conclusions with data

Understand PISA 2025 science Level 2 and practise, with three original situations, how to decide whether a conclusion is supported by data.

Read article

Science you can understand

Science Through Examples was created to make physics, chemistry, and biology easier for students to understand. The content starts from fundamental concepts, advances step by step, and uses examples, solved problems, comparisons, diagrams, and everyday situations to show how each idea works.

The goal is not to eliminate the complexity of the natural sciences, but to present it in the right order, explaining terms, formulas, and relationships before asking students to use them. When needed, the content also connects physics, chemistry, and biology to show how different areas of science can help explain the same phenomenon.

Responsible: Núcleo de Ciências da Natureza