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The Bible, history, and Protestant Christianity explained with context, sources, and clarity about differences among traditions.

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Nossa Senhora Aparecida em primeiro plano, com peregrinos consultando celular e folheto diante do Santuário Nacional ao entardecer.
Christian Holidays & Calendar17/09/20266 min read

Our Lady of Aparecida Novena 2026: how to choose a day, Mass and celebration

A practical guide to the official October 3 to 12 schedule for choosing a day, Mass, novena, special celebration and live broadcast.

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Pontífice visto de costas diante da multidão na Praça de São Pedro, com a Basílica ao fundo, cruz dourada e flores junto ao altar.
Christian Holidays & Calendar17/09/20264 min read

Vatican calendar for October 2026: Pontifical Universities Mass and 10 years of Amoris Laetitia

The Holy See confirms two October celebrations presided over by Leo XIV: the Pontifical Universities Mass on October 8 and the closing Mass for the 10th anniversary meeting of Amor...

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Pontífice de branco diante de um livro aberto com Gaudium et spes, enquanto uma mão humana se aproxima de uma mão robótica diante da Basílica de São Pedro.
Beliefs & Doctrines17/09/20267 min read

Gaudium et Spes and artificial intelligence: why Leo XIV says decisions of conscience should not be delegated to algorithms

In his September 16 catechesis, Leo XIV connects Gaudium et Spes with artificial intelligence and warns against transferring decisions proper to conscience to algorithms. Understan...

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Cruz de pedra com coroa de espinhos, lírios brancos e livro de capa marrom diante da Basílica de São Pedro ao pôr do sol.
Beliefs & Doctrines17/09/20268 min read

Vatican “new martyrs”: the difference between witnesses to the faith, recognized martyrdom and beatification

The Vatican uses “witnesses to the faith” more broadly than canonical martyrdom. See where historical remembrance ends and a beatification cause begins.

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Representantes de diferentes tradições religiosas vistos de costas diante da Basílica de São Pedro ao pôr do sol, simbolizando diálogo inter-religioso.
Denominations & Practices16/09/20267 min read

Nostra Aetate at 60: what the 2026 Vatican note reaffirms about interreligious dialogue

The Vatican note A Journey of Hope rereads Nostra Aetate without replacing it, reinforcing religious freedom, opposition to antisemitism and Islamophobia, formation for dialogue, a...

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Bíblia aberta diante de calendários de janeiro e setembro, com referências visuais ao Vaticano, ao Brasil e ao Mês da Bíblia.
Christian Holidays & Calendar16/09/20265 min read

Why Brazil celebrates the Sunday of the Word of God in September, not only in January

The universal Church marks the Third Sunday in Ordinary Time, but the Holy See authorized Brazil to keep its main emphasis on the last Sunday of September, alongside Bible Month.

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Cardeal idoso em vestes vermelhas diante de livros, crucifixo, lírios e da Basílica de São Pedro ao pôr do sol.
Christian Holidays & Calendar16/09/20265 min read

Saint John Henry Newman on October 9: why he entered the General Roman Calendar and what an Optional Memorial means

The universal decree sets October 9 for Saint John Henry Newman as an Optional Memorial and explains how the texts enter calendars and liturgical books.

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Três arcanjos em cena celestial: um com espada e escudo, outro com lírios e outro com cajado e peixe, sob luz dourada e nuvens.
Christian Holidays & Calendar16/09/20266 min read

Michael, Gabriel and Raphael on September 29: why the three archangels are celebrated together

Learn why the Catholic calendar brings Michael, Gabriel and Raphael together on September 29, where each appears in the Bible, and how observance differs among Christian traditions...

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Bíblia aberta sobre mesa de madeira ao pôr do sol, com mãos unidas em oração e torre de igreja desfocada ao fundo.
Bible & Translations15/09/20266 min read

The Lord’s Prayer in Matthew 6:12: why some Portuguese Bibles say “debts” and others “offenses”

Matthew 6:12 uses Greek words for “debts/debtors,” but the context is the forgiveness of sin. See why some Portuguese translations preserve the metaphor while others make the sense...

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Bíblia aberta sobre mesa com bandeira do Brasil, vela acesa, igreja ao fundo, linha histórica e calendário de dezembro com um domingo destacado.
Christian Holidays & Calendar15/09/20265 min read

Why Is Bible Day on the Second Sunday of December? From the 1549 Tradition to Brazil’s Law 10,335/2001

Learn the origin of Bible Day, its timeline in Brazil, what Law 10,335/2001 establishes and how to calculate the date each year.

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Homem vestido como monge do século XVI fixa um pergaminho em uma grande porta de madeira de igreja, com torre histórica ao fundo.
Protestant History15/09/20267 min read

October 31, 1517: what Luther’s 95 Theses challenged — and what was not yet the Protestant Reformation

The 95 Theses challenged the preaching and use of indulgences, but they did not yet amount to the later Protestant program or a complete break with Rome.

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Bíblia aberta em Mateus 6 sobre uma mesa de estudo, cercada por fragmentos de manuscritos antigos, notas de comparação textual e uma lupa.
Bible & Translations13/09/20267 min read

Matthew 6:13: Why “Yours Is the Kingdom, the Power and the Glory” Appears in Some Bibles

The final doxology of the Lord’s Prayer appears in many manuscripts but is absent from important ancient witnesses. See why translations include it, omit it, or flag it in notes.

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Passages in Context

Explanations of verses and passages that consider the full section, literary genre, historical context and major Protestant interpretations.

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Bíblia aberta sobre mesa de madeira com pergaminhos, ramos de oliveira e uma antiga cidade desfocada ao fundo.
Passages in Context27/09/20267 min read

Genealogies of Jesus in Matthew and Luke: how to compare the two lists without mixing them

Matthew and Luke present genealogies of Jesus with different structures, directions, and Davidic branches. Learn how to compare the lists, understand Jacob and Heli, and separate t...

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Bible & Translations

Formation of the canon, manuscripts, the history of the Bible and differences among translations used in Brazilian evangelical circles.

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Duas Bíblias abertas comparadas sobre uma mesa, com manuscritos antigos, lupa e uma linha do tempo visual que liga tradição manuscrita, Textus Receptus e traduções modernas.
Bible & Translations12/09/20268 min read

1 John 5:7: why “Father, Word, and Holy Spirit” appears in some Bibles

Understand the Comma Johanneum, the difference between Greek manuscript evidence and the Latin tradition, and why some translations retain the longer reading while others move it t...

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Duas Bíblias abertas lado a lado em Atos 8, uma com o versículo 37 marcado e outra saltando do 36 ao 38, com manuscritos e uma bacia de água ao fundo.
Bible & Translations12/09/20268 min read

Why Is Acts 8:37 Missing from Some Bibles? Manuscripts, Brackets, and the Pre-Baptism Confession

Acts 8:37 is an ancient textual variant: see why some Bibles retain it, others use brackets or footnotes, and what the manuscript evidence actually shows.

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Bíblias em português, inglês e espanhol empilhadas ao lado de uma Bíblia aberta e de um pergaminho com o Tetragrama hebraico e a palavra Adonai.
Bible & Translations12/09/20265 min read

Why Do Some Bibles Write LORD in Capitals? YHWH, Adonai, and Translation Convention

Learn why many Bibles use LORD for YHWH, how Adonai fits the tradition, and what capitalization actually signals.

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Manuscritos bíblicos antigos e uma Bíblia moderna aberta diante de uma linha do tempo em pergaminho sobre a evolução de capítulos e versículos.
Bible & Translations02/09/20267 min read

Bible chapters and verses: when the numbering appeared and what it changes in reading

Modern numbering appeared centuries after the biblical texts. See the timeline, earlier systems, and how to read beyond editorial divisions.

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Beliefs & Doctrines

Christian concepts and doctrines explained with biblical grounding, historical context and clear indication of points of consensus or disagreement.

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Pontífice de branco diante de um livro aberto com Gaudium et spes, enquanto uma mão humana se aproxima de uma mão robótica diante da Basílica de São Pedro.
Beliefs & Doctrines17/09/20267 min read

Gaudium et Spes and artificial intelligence: why Leo XIV says decisions of conscience should not be delegated to algorithms

In his September 16 catechesis, Leo XIV connects Gaudium et Spes with artificial intelligence and warns against transferring decisions proper to conscience to algorithms. Understan...

Read article
Cruz de pedra com coroa de espinhos, lírios brancos e livro de capa marrom diante da Basílica de São Pedro ao pôr do sol.
Beliefs & Doctrines17/09/20268 min read

Vatican “new martyrs”: the difference between witnesses to the faith, recognized martyrdom and beatification

The Vatican uses “witnesses to the faith” more broadly than canonical martyrdom. See where historical remembrance ends and a beatification cause begins.

Read article

Denominations & Practices

Differences among Protestant and evangelical traditions, including beliefs, structures, worship, baptism, communion and other practices.

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Representantes de diferentes tradições religiosas vistos de costas diante da Basílica de São Pedro ao pôr do sol, simbolizando diálogo inter-religioso.
Denominations & Practices16/09/20267 min read

Nostra Aetate at 60: what the 2026 Vatican note reaffirms about interreligious dialogue

The Vatican note A Journey of Hope rereads Nostra Aetate without replacing it, reinforcing religious freedom, opposition to antisemitism and Islamophobia, formation for dialogue, a...

Read article

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About Open Scripture

Open Scripture is an informational blog about the Bible and Evangelical/Protestant Christianity. We explain passages, people, books, translations, beliefs, practices, denominations, historical events, and Christian dates using accessible language and identifiable sources. When different traditions reach different conclusions, we seek to show whose interpretation each one is and what evidence supports the discussion. The blog does not represent a specific church, does not replace pastoral guidance, and does not operate as a partisan or institutional news outlet.

Responsible: Núcleo de Estudos Bíblicos